FOM (Figure of Merit) is a key metric used to evaluate the overall performance of an image intensifier tube in night vision devices. It provides a quantitative measure of the tube's image quality and sensitivity, helping users compare and select equipment that meets their specific needs. The FOM is calculated as:

FOM = Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) × Resolution (lp/mm)

Key Components of FOM:

1. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR):
2. Resolution (lp/mm - line pairs per millimeter):

SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) is a critical specification in night vision technology that measures the clarity of the image produced by an image intensifier tube. It quantifies how well the device can distinguish the signal (useful image data) from noise (unwanted distortion or interference).

Understanding SNR

• Signal: Refers to the actual image data detected by the night vision device, such as the light reflected from objects in the environment.
• Noise: Refers to the random electronic disturbances or distortions that can obscure the image, often caused by the inherent limitations of the tube's design or environmental factors like low light or electromagnetic interference.

The SNR is expressed as a ratio. A higher SNR means a clearer, sharper image with better detail and contrast, while a lower SNR means the image will be noisier, with less detail and clarity.

EBI (Equivalent Background Illumination) is a key performance specification in night vision technology that measures the amount of "background glow" or inherent light emitted by the image intensifier tube in complete darkness. Essentially, it is the amount of light the tube generates on its own, independent of external light sources.

What Does EBI Represent?

• Low EBI: Indicates that the tube emits minimal background illumination, resulting in a darker, cleaner image when there is no ambient light. This is especially important in extremely low-light or no-light environments, as a lower EBI helps preserve image contrast and detail.
• High EBI: Means the tube produces more background glow, which can reduce image contrast and potentially obscure details in dark areas.

How EBI Affects Night Vision Performance

1. Low-Light Sensitivity:
2. Image Quality:
3. Thermal Management: